Black Boy

Midterm Paper The Many Hungers in Black Boy We regularly wind up speculation â€Å"Man I am so ravenous! † subsequent to abandoning eating for Just a couple of hours. Things being what they are we just abandon eating for little timeframes. Have we at any point truly experienced appetite? Genuine long so far as that is concerned, hunger like Richard faces in Black Boy. The sort of craving he encounters are not clear in a general public in which we live. Yearn for us is avoiding a dinner or not discovering whatever will satisfy our craving. This isn't even similar to the days that Richard suffers without eating any food.There isn't just physical craving present in the novel Black Boy, Richard experiences instructive and passionate appetite. Richard yearns for discussion and love from others and books to peruse or instruction. The vast majority regularly underestimate these yet it is the main thing that Richard wants. The craving in the novel Black Boy by Richard Wright fills in as a magnet that gets us through the account of Richard's passionate, physical, and scholarly appetite. Richard is looked at an early age and for the vast majority of his existence with encounters of hysical hunger, starvation. Craving took upon me gradually that from the start I didn't know about what hunger truly implied. Appetite had consistently been pretty much at my elbow when I played, yet now I started to wake up around evening time to discover hunger remaining at my bedside, gazing at me gauntly† (16). Richard appeared to starve regularly yet after his dad left he appeared to have consistent starvation. Starvation appears to happen a decent arrangement for an amazing duration. The sort of appetite Richard portrays is by all accounts extremely agonizing, a sort of agony that one can't envision. Indeed I new appetite, gnawing hunger, hunger that made my body randomly eager, hunger that kept me anxious, that made my emotion flare, that made my emotion flare, hunger that made abhor jump out of my heart like the dart of a snake's tongue, hunger that made in me odd cravings† (119). Since hunger is consistently present in Richard's way of life it appears as though he can't envision eating a straightforward dinner consistently. To us a basic supper may not appear such a serious deal, however to Richard, and numerous who endured like Richard during this time, a basic feast is a miracle.The debilitating and ainful piercing cravings are proof that where the neediness occurred in the Jim Crow South. Richard doesn't just experience the ill effects of physical yearning, he additionally endures enthusiastic craving all through the content. He wants consideration from individuals, consideration from his family. Richard doesn't get a lot of consideration at home so impacts his relationship with others. He doesn't have the foggiest idea how to connect with others. This causes an issue for Richard, when he at long last ventures out from home he doesn't have a clue how to connect with others. He can't comprehend the inviting signals of those around him.Nevertheless, I was so starved for relationship with individuals that I permitted myself to be allured by everything, and for a couple of months I carried on with the life of an optimist† (178). Richard experienced childhood in an exceptionally threatening nome condition which made him long for food as well as for adoration and fondness. Another issue that added to Richard's enthusiastic appetite is the issue of blacks and whites. Richard doesn't appear to comprehend the connection between the two gatherings of individuals. â€Å"l needed to comprehend these two arrangements of individuals who lived next to each other and never contacted, it appeared, aside from in violence† (54).Richard saw the treatment toward him and the others as off-base, yet he dare not conflict with it. He appeared to have acknowledged the isolation, yet he never let the white individuals go far by the y way they rewarded him. Richard needed to have the option to express his real thoughts, however he was constantly advised to quiet and he would not like to be dealt with ineffectively by the whites. The possibility of this was hard for Richard to survive so he wound up moving toward the North. The enthusiastic craving that Richard faces frequently drove him to forlornness or misery. The greatest yearning the Richard needed to endure would be his crave ducation.Richard ached for instruction. He is a splendid kid yet there is no consolation for him to succeed and learn. There was no consolation to learn in light of the fact that Negro offspring of the south didn't grow up to be fruitful. A considerable lot of the blacks during that time appeared to settle, settle for obliviousness and ignorance. Richard in any case, chose to make the most of the little open doors that introduced themselves. He yearned for training significantly progressively subsequent to meeting Ella, the teacher. H e expressed â€Å"†¦ as much terrified of her as he was pulled in to her† (38).The fascination permits him to defeat his dread and get some information about her books, which further stirs the craving of information. Richard attempted to learn and peruse. â€Å"l wanted the sharp, terrifying, stunning, practically difficult fervor that the story had given me, and I promised that when I was mature enough I would purchase all the books there were and perused them to take care of that hunger for brutality that was in me, for interest, for plotting, for mystery, for grisly murders† (46). Richard wants to peruse and compose. He is extremely inquisitive and needs to learn as much as he can.He learns a ton through his encounters as opposed to a school setting. He gets energized when he learns new things. â€Å"†¦ l had figured out how to check to a hundred and I was overjoyed†¦. I would peruse the papers with my mom controlling me and illuminating the words. I before long turned into an irritation by posing dreadfully numerous inquiries of everybody† (26). The mission for Richard's adapting never appeared to be prevailed. Richard endured numerous appetites that we may never understanding, we are advantaged. His passionate, physical, and instructive appetite appear to affect him ignificantly.Even with all chances stacked against him, Richard wins and prevails despite seemingly insurmountable opposition. As a grown-up living in the North, he vanquished the hindrances and is more grounded than generally living around him. Richard gets by through these yearnings with his extraordinary perseverance. â€Å"Whenever my condition had neglected to help or sustain me, I had gripped at books†¦ † It appeared as though Richard would utilize his cravings against one another thusly making him a more grounded individual. Richard bears a great deal in the content, much that individuals in our general public today couldn't endure.

Business plan proposed by Andrey, Tolebi, Hieu and Tair ATHT Pub Term Paper

Marketable strategy proposed by Andrey, Tolebi, Hieu and Tair ATHT Pub - Term Paper Example It would be simpler for clients who go to the bar to utilize the additional office inside the bar. The potential clients will be faithful clients of the bar and other invested individuals who might not be clients of the bar. There is a probability that this administration will be paid for by the bar clients. This is a direct result of its area inside an open spot. The administration will be new however will be set up in a notable bar, and it will appreciate the advantages of a decent name of the bar. Clients who go to the bar will become more acquainted with about it and are probably going to utilize it. Clients would likewise don't hesitate to utilize it since it is inside a spot that they comprehend and trust to give quality items and administrations. The spot would likewise be situated close to the college and the majority of its clients would be the college understudies. ATHT venture has established that most college understudies and others who visit the bar would require an open spot. The best area would be simply inside the known bar. The entire set up would require about would require a measure of cash near $60,000. This would be the underlying capital that would be utilized to set up the furniture inside the bar zone where occasions will be occurring. Continuous financing that would be required would serve to include offices set up. This would be from the reserve funds made e from the deals of the Public house (Pratt 2011, 181). This is a thought that would be gainful inside a brief timeframe in light of the fact that the utilization of the administrations it would give and its area. ATHT venture restricted proposes to set up this open house to furnish the clients with new administrations. INDIVIDUAL WRITTEN WORK Executive rundown In the cutting edge time's client, arranged administrations are required to profit the clients in a good way. Specialist co-ops need to look into what the clients would need to fulfill their necessities. Such research would gu arantee the arrangement of value benefits that would be valued by their clients. This would accomplish consumer loyalty that would add to the clients being faithful to the item.

App Prompts - Writing An App College Essay

App Prompts - Writing An App College EssayCommon App Prompt 2 is an example app for college students that you can use to practice writing an App College essay. The App prompts, as the name implies, are sample essays on various topics that you can use to help you learn how to write a successful college essay. This App teaches you to make an App College essay based on a particular topic.The App gives you a topic to write about and then lets you write your application essay. The App prompts you to go to the college's website, where you can read a sample of how other students have written App College essays. After reading the sample, you will be given the option to copy the entire text of the article from the text area at the bottom right of the page. If you copy the entire article, you will also be given the option to print it out.The App also has sample essays on a wide variety of topics. Some examples include how to write an App College essay about women's health, the newest technolog y and the best hobbies for college students. Some topics you will see include how to write a Computer science App College essay, Technology App College essay, and more. There are also essays on philosophy, history, sports, literature, etc.App Prompt 2 also provides tips on how to write a college essay. The App guides you with the various types of essay topics you will encounter while you are writing your own App College essay. You will learn how to get started on your App College essay by following a step-by-step guide. It gives tips on how to structure your App College essay, what to write, how to edit your article and how to revise your work.If you need some more information on how to write an App College essay, there are free training lessons you can take online. The courses give tips on how to structure your App College essay, how to tell a story, and how to format your App College essay. Most of the tips in the online training courses are provided free of charge, but you can up grade to the full courses if you want to.App Prompt 2 has easy to use features that make writing App College essays simple. This App is available to download for free. After downloading the App, you will be directed to a page where you can get started with writing your App College essay.In addition to providing sample App College essays, the Common App prompt site also offers helpful tips to help you write a college essay. The site provides you with tips for writing an App College essay, how to format your App College essay, and how to edit your App College essay. The site also contains links to other useful resources for learning how to write an App College essay.The App Prompt site also provides you with a free preview of your App College essay. The App prompt site provides you with additional resources for writing an App College essay as well. The App Prompt site also provides other useful tips on how to write a college essay.

The Definition of Psychological Realism

Psychological realism is a literary genre that came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  It’s a highly character-driven genre of fiction writing, as it focuses on the motivations and internal thoughts of characters. A writer of psychological realism seeks to not only show what the characters do but also explain why they take such actions. Theres often a larger theme in psychological realist novels, with the author expressing an opinion on a societal or political issue through the choices of his or her characters. However, psychological realism should not be confused with psychoanalytic writing or surrealism, two other modes of artistic expression that flourished in the 20th century and focused on psychology in unique ways. Dostoevsky and Psychological Realism An excellent example of psychological realism (although the author himself didn’t necessarily agree with the classification) is Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. This 1867 novel (first published as a series of stories in a literary journal in 1866) centers on Russian student Rodion Raskolnikov and his plan to murder an unethical pawnbroker. The novel spends a great deal of time focusing on his self-recrimination and attempts to rationalize his crime. Throughout the novel, we meet other characters who are engaged in distasteful and illegal acts motivated by their desperate financial situations: Raskolnikovs sister plans to marry a man who can secure her familys future, and his friend Sonya prostitutes herself because she is penniless. In understanding the characters motivations, the reader gains a better understanding of Dostoevskys  overarching theme: the conditions of poverty. American Psychological Realism: Henry James American novelist Henry James also used psychological realism to great effect in his novels. James explored family relationships, romantic desires, and small-scale power struggles through this lens, often in painstaking detail. Unlike Charles Dickens realist novels (which tend to level direct criticisms at social injustices) or Gustave Flauberts realist compositions (which are made up of lavish, finely-ordered descriptions of varied people, places, and objects), James works of psychological realism focused largely on the inner lives of prosperous characters. His most famous novels—including The Portrait of a Lady, The Turn of the Screw, and The Ambassadors—portray characters who lack self-awareness but often have unfulfilled yearnings. Other Examples of Psychological Realism James emphasis on psychology in his novels influenced some of the most important writers of the modernist era, including Edith Wharton and T.S. Eliot. Whartons The Age of Innocence, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1921, offered an insiders view of upper-middle-class society. The novels title is ironic since the main characters, Newland, Ellen, and May, operate in circles that are anything but innocent. Their society has strict rules about what is and isnt proper, despite what its inhabitants want. As in Crime and Punishment, the inner struggles of Whartons characters are explored to explain their actions. At the same time, the novel paints an unflattering picture of their world. Eliots best-known work, the poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, also falls into the category of psychological realism, although it also could be classified as surrealist or romantic as well. Its an example of stream of consciousness writing, as the narrator describes his frustration with missed opportunities and lost love.

Going Nuclear How Nuclear Energy Could Save The Planet

Going Nuclear: How Nuclear Energy Could Save the Planet Logically it s not hard to see that if there is a limited supply of something, one day it will finally run out. What happens when society relies on a resource that is nonrenewable? This is something that scientists are struggling with more and more each passing day. Though this is true of many substances that humans use (helium, chocolate, gold...), the most important substances that our lives rely on are fossil fuels. While there is a wide range of guesses regarding how long we have left until we deplete the world s supply of fossil fuels, most experts say that we only have a few years before harvesting them becomes much more difficult (and expensive) (Lamb 2010). Given our unfortunate dependence on energy, this would have a massive effect on everything in life. Without energy, society as we know it would not be able to continue functioning. Even ignoring the limited supply, it s hard to deny that the harvesting of resources th roughout time has caused a plethora of problems ( Miners Lung is a disease that s affectionately known to come from mining coal after all, and cave ins are not at all an entirely unheard of problem). As such, this leaves us with really only one viable option: go nuclear before it s too late. One of the primary issues with fossil fuels is their negative impact on the planet and our environment. Greenhouse gasses cause a long string of reactions that lead to our planet slowly heatingShow MoreRelatedEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy1265 Words   |  6 PagesEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy Something always curious and provoking happens in science writing. Gwyneth Cravens is an author of five novels and many publications, and one who studies a topic in great detail. She creates an enormous work about nuclear energy for the last decade. Cravens’s research in her last published book titled Power to Save the World: The Truth About Nuclear Energy has led her to do an about-face on the issue. In her article â€Å"Better Energy† which was published in May 2008Read MorePreventing Global Warming Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagesmany negative consequences to humans, animals, and even plants. The effects of global warming will throw human lifestyles into jeopardy. Agriculture would be thrown into turmoil. Public heath could suffer. Rising seas could contaminate water supplies with salt. Stronger sunlight and warmer temperature could cause respiratory illness. Hot spells would be come more frequent, leading to heat related deaths. Warmer temperatures would widen the range of disease carried by rodents and mosquitoes. ThisRead MoreRenewable Energy : Alternative Energy1559 Words   |  7 PagesAlternative energy can be defined as Energy, as solar, wind, or nuclear energy, that can replace or supplement traditional fossil-fuel sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When thinking about alternative energy sources we generally focus on the main types: nuclear, solar, wind, and hydroelectric. These are things that mainly do not cause pollution and are very environmentally friendly (Alternative Energy). Alternative energy is thought to be renewable and â€Å"free.† Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, SolarRead MoreNuclear Power: Dangerous Nemesis or Trusted Ally1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnational debate going on within the green energy community and it seems the number one question that keeps coming up is should we now support our one time enemy nuclear power? Many different people green and not, now, think it is the right time to take a sec ond look at this widely used power source. When a former anti-nuclear campaigner and founding member of Greenpeace proclaims in the Washington Post â€Å"the environmental movement needs to update its views†¦because nuclear energy may just be theRead MoreA Report On Energy Industry1614 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy Industry Focus on Renewables Ian Baynes – BUS376A – Sustainable Marketing Green technology is booming, yet a worldwide decrease in green spending has taken place for a second year in a row. According to a report done by Frankfurt School and sponsored by Bloomberg Finance, worldwide green spending for the fiscal year 2013 was $216 billion. U.S. Spending alone peaked to $50.8 billion in 2011 (CNN), before dropping to its current level of $36 billion (Frankfurt). There is a treasure-trove ofRead MoreScience Fiction Paper Rough Draft1219 Words   |  5 PagesScience Fiction Paper Rough Draft Take 2 Wade Doty Section AC 5/8/15 Rick never fit in at grade school; he would spend most of his time daydreaming about going to space. As he doodled artwork of space ships, his imagination would wonder and often featured him as a future explorer leading humans into the next great frontier. English and the study of history bored him, but whenever he went to a science class he felt as if he were truly alive. Learning about the vast distances between Earth and theRead MoreShouls Every Country Have the Right to Possess of Nuclear Weapons?930 Words   |  4 Pagesof all time, in terms of how it could protect a nation, is it really worth having numerous amounts of governments on edge at the thought of a weapon so powerful? Ronald Reagan described nuclear weapons as: â€Å"Totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly leading to the destruction of life on Earth and civilisation.† He spoke nothing but the truth. President Reagan was a nuclear abolitionist. He believed that the only reason to have nuclear weaponry was to prevent theRead MoreTypes Of Energy Resources Used All Over The World872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many types of energy resources used all over the world. These can be classified as either renewable or non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources are those that are found readily but do not face the possibility of depletion. These include solar, wind and hydroelectric energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources are found in the environment but can be depleted by overuse and these include natural gas, coal, and oil. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy is the most commonlyRead MoreEssay about How Can We Avoid Asteroids?1363 Words   |  6 PagesHow can we avoid asteroids? In our everyday lives, there are a multitude of forces acting on and upon us all the time. One fundamental force is gravity. Gravity (also known as gravitational force) is the force of attraction. Every object in the world that has mass exerts a pull-otherwise known as force, on other mass [Forces of Attraction.]. Gravitational pull increases and decreases depending on the amount of mass, and how close objects are. [Weight, Mass and Gravity.] [See Fig 1.]. In thisRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atomic Bomb2431 Words   |  10 Pageswhatever relief the American people felt from winning WWII was tempered by the realization that science had just created a weapon that could wipe nations off the face of the earth. The atomic bomb, if other countries obtained the technology, could bring about a nuclear holocaust. This fear of technology could have stymied scientific progress post WWII. However, going into the Cold War, people once again put their hope in science and looked at scientific pro gress as a measure of whether they were beating

Essay on Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter - 1066 Words

Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter Works Cited Missing He is the complete type of man of the world, the social ideal,--courteous, quiet, well informed, imperturbably. Nevertheless, his moral nature is a poisonous and irreclaimable wilderness, in which blooms not a single flower of heavenly parentage. (J. Hawthorne) Over the course of seven years, Roger Chillingworth changes from a calm, scholarly, and kind person to an evil, corrupt, and satanic being. Roger Chillingworths life in England with Hester was happy. He studied alchemy, and was scholarly and well learned. Although Hester and Chillingworth did not share love, they were happy together. †¦he used to emerge at eventide from the seclusion of his study and sit down in the†¦show more content†¦These are the first hints of the evil that would soon consume him. The following three years bring many negative changes to Chillingworth. Hester Pryne was startled to perceive what a change has come over his features--how his dark complexion seemed to have grown duskier, and his figure more misshapen†¦ (108) He had established himself as a doctor in Boston. People felt it was Divine providence that Chillingworth came to Boston to tend for their loved Minister Dimsdale. Chillingworth became acquaintances with Dimsdale and eventually moved in with him. Chillingworth studied the Minister closely and tore through his ideas and thoughts. He now dug into the poor clergy mans heart like a miner searching for gold; or, rather, like a sexton delving into a grave, possibly in quest of a jewel that had been buried on the dead mans bosom, but likely to find nothing save mortality and corruption. (125) Chillingworth is now almost completely consumed with evil. He still is calm, but was never released from his horrible fascination with learning the identity of Pearls father. In the presence of so much wickedness over the course of three years changed Chillingworth. Chillingworth is being consumed by evil gradually; consequently, when he finds the marking on Dimsdales chest, assuring him his victim, he is completely overcome by devilry knowing at last that he has found his victim. Had a man seen old Roger Chillingworth, at that moment of his ecstasy, heShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pageschildren. Together, these transcendentalist principles function together to make Pearl a fitting representation of Hawthorne’s themes and ideologies. Pearl’s individuality, symbolized in dress and epitomized by behavior, opposes Puritan conformity and thus supports Hawthorne’s transcendentalist ideals. One of the first distinctions made between Pearl and society in The Scarlet Letter, her luxurious â€Å"garb† marks Pearl as an individual in conventional New England. Upon seeing Pearl’s intenselyRead MoreEssay on Sin of Adultery in Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, shows the adverse consequences caused by adultery between Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. Dimmesdale and Hester committed the supreme sin of the Puritan society they belong. They must both deal with the effects of the scarlet letter. Pearl, the daughter of the two lovers, continuously punishes Hester for what she has done. Dimmesdale can only see Hester and Pearl when others will not find out or see. Hester finds a way to supportRead More Hawt hornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett Letter and Young Goodman Brown1739 Words   |  7 PagesHawthornes Puritanical Beliefs Revealed in The Scarlett Letter and Young Goodman Brown When an author depicts a person or group of people in his or her work, the opinion of the writer most often sifts into the descriptions, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Some writers are very guarded regarding their feelings toward any particular subject, while others are very open and happy to share. Nathaniel Hawthorne belongs to the latter group. The purpose of the majority of his literary workRead MoreSymbols Found in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesSeveral symbols that are found within Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter, represent a greater idea found outside of the story itself. The uses of symbols throughout the novel portray a truthful version of reality, one that people can relate to and find in their daily lives. He uses symbols found within nature to develop the setting, characters, and mood. The use of light and color play a significant role in depicting the symbolism of the scenery and background of the novel. The forestRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Fever 1254 Words   |  6 Pagesof short stories called twice-Told Tales (Glencoe)†. Hawthorne destroyed copies of Fanshawe because it was not popular. He did not destroy Twice-ToldTales because people liked it and made him successful. â€Å"The year 1842 marked a turning point in Hawthorne’s life (Student Guide)†. He was brought into transcendentalism that year. On July 9, 1842, Hawthorne married Sophia Peabody and moved to Concord, Massachusetts (Biography)†. Two years later, the couple got their first child. 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These particular authors wrote during the Puritan times and conveyed this time period in their texts while exploring the similarities and difference of Religion and Adultery in the Puritan Community. The Crucible’s protagonist John Proctor and The Scarlett Letter’s protagonist Hester Prynne are a part of a society with similar but differentRead MoreSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Letter And The Minister s Black Veil 1083 Words   |  5 Pageshis writing counterparts, Nathaniel Hawthorne extensively uses symbolism in several of his major works to explore sin and human nature. The Scarlett Letter, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister s Black Veil† are all vivid examples of this exploration and are the focus of this analysis. Before discussing his works, it is important to explore Hawthorne’s background to better understand how they connect to his writing and to his use of dark romanticism. Hawthorne came from Puritan ancestry. 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Thus resulting in the Romanticism literary movement for their desire of a literature that was all American. The Scarlett Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who during the 19th century

Mythology

Mythology- Romulus And Remus Essay Mythology-Romulus and RemusA myth is a complex cultural phenomenonthat can be approached from a number of viewpoints (Mythology). Mythologicalcreatures are usually developed to explain something or to give a reasonwhy something exists. Most Gods have a supernatural power or force, whichmakes them a God. Some mythological heroes are known as divinities, forthe great things they have done. Romulus and Remus are two of the mostwell known mythological divinities, they were born of a vestal virgin,and they were the mythological founders of Rome. Of all mythological creatures Romulus isone of the better known. They were seen as the mythological creators ofRome. The citizens of Rome worshipped Romulus and Remus because they werebelieved to have created the city. They were made up to explain the mysteriousappearance of Rome. Overall they are two of the most famous mythologicalcreations. Romulus and Remus were born into an unforeseenset of circumstances. They were born of the Vestal Virgin, Rhea and theGod of war, Mars. King Amulius sent them down the Tiber River so he wouldbe able to deny their death, but they did not die. They were found by ashe-wolf and a bird that fed and nurtured them to health. They were laterfound by a shepard, Faustulas, who brought them home to his wife Acca. Faustulas and Acca then raised them until they were strong adults. Romulus and Remus were made up to explainthe creation of Rome. Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome on theplace where they were to be drowned (Rosenburg 113). To name the town,since neither one was older they decided to split up and see who saw thefirst sign. Six vultures, the bird of Mars, flew over Remuss head, momentslater twelve vultures flew over Romuluss head. Romulus was the true victor(Mythology:Romulus). The city Rome was named after Romulus (Jay 60). A fewyears later while arguing over plans for the city, Romulus killed Remus. Romulus was the roman leader for forty more years until the Gods killedhim. Moreover, they were greatly known and appreciated for what they developedand stood for. These Gods and Goddesses were born, fellin love, fought with one another, and generally behaved like their humanworshipers (Littleton 813). The people of Rome made up these creaturesto give them answers but at the same time they gave the world one moregreat story. Romulus and Remus were strong heroes who built a great divinityout of nothing. In conclusion, Romulus and Remus were great names in mythology,were abandoned at birth and were the creators of the great city of Rome.

Autumn in St. Petersburg Review Essay Example

Autumn in St. Petersburg Review Paper Essay on Autumn in St. Petersburg And I now do not think something as super-amazing that the writer originally from South Africa was able to recreate so cool = Peter Burg First and most important, you are granting the power of the writers imagination. which in principle can work wonders. If we or any Lukyanenko Bielany average scall creates entire universes from scratch, one particular city in a particular era its a trick, I assure you. Besides the incredible extension of the keyboard research capabilities and a half or even two octaves bonus at the expense of a common information field. So that all the little things and details, down to the howling dogs, the mat policemen and smell of slops on any of the St. Petersburg staircase in any Denbigh every day to imagine possible, like the shade of the sky, the taste of rotten wind from the Neva and so on. D., And so on. n -. take authentic literature, diaries, memoirs and mmemuary-swarm. It would wish. And when you consider that todays literature time and again that i t is engaged in cataloging, listing and shifting from the shelf on the shelf, even do not need special talent here only perseverance Next, on the national borders.. Well, what now national borders? This concept has already from the Neolithic period. The whole world one village and a half pages of the same platitudes. Its time to finally withdraw from the Russian consciousness of his literary and spiritual oneness and the sovereign right of all Russian, the word of honor, or the day after tomorrow to avoid being in a ridiculous situation. Everything vsehnee. This is neither good nor bad, so there will be. We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Autumn in St. Petersburg Review Essay Example Autumn in St. Petersburg Review Paper Essay on Autumn in St. Petersburg And I now do not think something as super-amazing that the writer originally from South Africa was able to recreate so cool Petersburg. First, and most important, you do not take into consideration the effect of the writers imagination. which in principle can work wonders. If we or any Lukyanenko Belyavin average scall creates entire universes from scratch, for Coetzee draw one particular city in a particular era its a trick, I assure you. Besides the incredible extension of the keyboard research capabilities and a half or even two octaves bonus at the expense of a common information field. So that all the little things and details, down to the howling dogs, the mat policemen and smell of slops on any of the St. Petersburg stairs any day any day imagined possible, as well as the shade of the sky, the taste of rotten wind from the Neva and so on. D., And so on. n -. take authentic literature, diaries, memoirs and mmemuary-swarm nose. It would wish. And when you consider that todays literature time and again that it is engaged in cataloging, listing and shifting from the shelf on the shelf, even do not need specia l talent here -. Only perseverance We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Autumn in St. Petersburg Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Next, on the national borders. Well, what now national borders? This concept has already from the Neolithic period. The whole world one village and a half pages of the same platitudes. Its time to finally withdraw from the Russian consciousness of his literary and spiritual oneness and the sovereign right of all Russian, the word of honor, or the day after tomorrow to avoid being in a ridiculous situation. Everything vsehnee. This is neither good nor bad, so there will be.

Competition or Bust essays

Competition or Bust essays The world in which we live is a extremely competitive environment. It is nothing less than a doggy-dog world, where only the strong survive. It was become a fast-paced ruthless business environment. Those who cannot cut it can pack up their bags and find a job shining shoes on the streets. However, we strive in our economy for this competition. Competition, although vicious at times, has many positive effects on our economy in a whole. The most important benefit of a competitive environment is the creation of incentive for change. Since firms are in competition to sell their products or services, they must continuously keep a competitive advantage over the market. In order to do this they must constantly react to meet the improvements made by other companies in their products and services. For instance, Nintendo when it first started was very profitable for a while selling its game player, but when Sony came out with a 32-bit player which intern took allot of the business away from Nintendo. So as a reaction of Sonys new player, Nintendo created a 64-bit version, that was even better in all aspects of Sonys play station. It is a continuous cycle to make companies products better than the other. Without competition what incentive would there be? Atari might still be the number one game player, because there is no one else to come up with a better idea in that product line. Competition forces people to learn more and be more creative with there knowledge. Most of the technology that we have created in the last century has been form companies trying to out do each others product line. Another very important aspect of a competitive market is the affect on price. Prices are lowered in this environment. A firm has to be competitive with the prices of other close substitutes. If a Coke was two dollars for one can while Pepsi sold theirs for fifty cents, then Coke would loose mo ...

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Essay

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP - Essay Example CSM has a global nature which is quite relevant nowadays. Thus CSM doesn’t consider any special aspect of management; it concerns all spheres of management. Diverse perspectives, numerous issues, interpretations of gained management knowledge are important distinctive features of CSM. A period signified by occurrence of CSM is also known as a period of â€Å"post-modernism† and â€Å"post-structuralism† (Rosenau, 1992). This can be explained by changes emerged in Western societies. Thus there is a tendency to flexibility, hybridism and globalization (Sheppard, 2002).The main idea of post-modernism is an excess of instrumentalism in bureaucratic society. As a result creative thinking and perspectives are oppressed. Post-structuralism criticizes oppression of creative imagination as well. Post-modernistic ideas of CSM are directed on the search of diversity and respect of all kinds of beliefs, traditions and nations. Diverse values of modern society should be all equal. The same principles are relevant to post-modern organizations. On the example of post-modern organizations, the main principles of generally accepted managerial and leadership practices are discussed. Moreover, Weber’s theory and his considerations about organization’s st ructures and kinds of leadership are projected on modern practices of the business world. In order to show crucial role of CSM in modern business world, it is relevant to choose a certain theory which is of great importance for historical and modern critics and which is popular nowadays. Max Weber’s Theory is chosen to draw parallels between relevance of his principles in old and current days. In the middle of twentieth century Weber propagated prevalence of knowledge in the process of bureaucratic administration. â€Å"For the sociologist, power is principally exemplified within organizations by the process of control† (Weber, 1947). Max Weber’s theory

Benchmarking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benchmarking - Essay Example Performance benchmarking provides a way in which organizations compare its performances with set performance metrics. Performance benchmarking takes the form of reviewing the company’s income statements and balance sheet to ensure they are made in accordance with the required standards. The performance gaps identified can be prioritized, corrected and follow-up can be made to ensure improvement in performance. Strategic benchmarking ideally is the comparison of companies to the long-term goals and objectives. It additionally involves identifying the winning strategies employed by top organizations and adopting them to the organizational strategies. Strategic benchmarking is majorly utilized by the top level management. Importance of benchmarking There are several key advantages of benchmarking. One major advantage is that it leads to cost-cutting for the businesses. Benchmarking lower the labor costs as a company can identify that a top company is used technology instead of la bor. Based on this review the company can adopt the technology has aided in cost-cutting. Benchmarking boosts a company’s product quality. A company can decide to purchase a rival company’s products for review. The information that will be acquired may utilize in developing a product whose quality is similar or even better compared to that of the competitors. Benchmarking can aid in increasing a company’s sales and profits. A company that is involved in benchmarking tends to improve its products, services, and even processes.

Measuring Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells

Measuring Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells Measuring cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells treated with cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil, via flow cytometry as a measure of effectiveness of the drugs at treating cancer Introduction Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells, resulting in cell death (Rang et al. 2012). In the majority of therapeutics cytotoxicity is not a desirable characteristic. However, in the treatment of cancer many chemotherapy drugs, through cytotoxicity are designed to selectively induce apoptosis, a form of cell death (Rang et al. 2012). There are three main forms of cell death, these are: apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Apoptosis is the physiological process by which cells are destroyed in a controlled manner (Elmore 2007). There are four basic steps involved; the first is cell shrinkage, blebs begin to form and condensation of chromatin occurs. Next, membrane blebbing occurs and enzymes begin the process of nuclear fragmentation. In the late stages of apoptosis, the cell is broken down into apoptotic bodies which contain the cells components and nuclear fragments. The final stage is the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies (Ulukaya et al. 2011). One of the main ways in which phagocytes recognise apoptotic cells is the presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS). Ordinarily, this phospholipid is found on the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer, during apoptosis it translocates to the outer leaflet and binds to a PS receptor present on the phagocyte (Wu et al. 2006). In autophagy, targeted components such as organelles are isolated in an autophagosome; a form of vesicle with a lipid bilayer membrane. These autophagosomes are degraded by lysosomes (Kroemer, G et al. 2009). Necrosis is often thought of as uncontrolled cell death. However, there is an increasing amount of evidence that suggests it is regulated by transduction pathways and other mechanisms (Kroemer, G et al. 2009). It is caused by factors such as trauma, infection and toxins. It is characterised by the swelling of cells which causes the cell membrane to rupture, resulting in the release of intracellular components. These intracellular components can trigger a local inflammatory response. In contrast to apoptosis, the phagocytic stage does not occur in necrosis (Golstein, Pierre and Kroemer, Guido 2007). As a result, dead cells and their intracellular components remain at the site of necrosis, this build-up of debris may lead to conditions such as gangrene. Due to its detrimental effects, it’s preferential that necrosis is not produced by therapeutics. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil are chemotherapy agents, which both cause apoptosis by interfering with DNA via its replication and repair. Cisplatin crosslinks with purine bases in DNA which interferes with DNA repair mechanisms, this means that DNA damage is not fixed triggering apoptosis (Dasari and Bernard Tchounwou 2014). 5-flurouracil is an antimetabolite, it is metabolised into 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP) which is then incorporated into both DNA and RNA and also inhibits thymidilate synthase (Parker and Stivers 2011). HepG2 cells are derived from the hepatocellular carcinoma cells of a 15 year old, American, Caucasian, male and are epithelial in nature. They are commonly used as an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (Costantini et al. 2013). Flow cytometry is a powerful tool that allows for the rapid differentiation and characterisation of particles including cells. A flow cytometer is made up of three main components: fluidics, optics and electronics. When a sample is injected into a flow cytometer, the fluidics system is responsible for producing a stream of single particles, this relies on the principle of laminar flow. This allows the particles to be interrogated by the laser beam individually. When a particle passes through the laser beam it scatters light. The amount of forward scatter is proportional to the size of the cell. The side scatter is proportional to the complexity of the cell. If a fluorophore is present, it can be excited by a specific wavelength of light. It will then undergo a Stokes shift and a different wavelength of light will be emitted which can be measured by the electronics of the flow cytometer (Macey 2007, Maxwell and Hannon-Fletcher 2009). The fluorophore can be conjugated with proteins suc h as annexin V which have a known high affinity to specific molecules present on the cell surface. Annexin V is a 35.7kDa, calcium sensitive, phospholipid binding protein. It has a high affinity to phosphatidylserine. The binding of fluorophore labelled annexin V is used as a common measure of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry (van Genderen et al. 2008). Aims To measure the effectiveness of two anti-cancer drugs by measuring the level of apoptosis in a population of HepG2 cells after being treated with cisplatin (15 µg/mL) or 5-fluorouracil (25 µg/mL) for 48 hours and compare those to a population of untreated cells via flow cytometry. Objectives To count and fix a population of HepG2 cells before staining them with fluorescently labelled Annexin V in preparation for analysis using a flow cytometer. To measure the level of fluorescence in 5000 treated and untreated cells using a flow cytometer as well as measuring the minimal and maximal fluorescence in a negative and positive control. Based on the fact the fluorescence is directly proportional to apoptosis determine which treatment is significantly better and provide evidence from the literature as to why this is the case. Methods Please refer to laboratory schedule (Hatch 2014). Following the collection of data descriptive statistics and a one-way ANOVA test were carried out the results of which can be found in the appendix. Results The negative control was used to identify if there was any background fluorescence. In table 1 (found in the appendix) the mean fluorescence for the negative control was 144. Therefore, fluorescence that is significantly higher than this level can be attributed to the excitation of the fluorophore (Alexa 488). Figure 1 Cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells measured as fluorescence using flow cytometry. The bars are means of triplicates, the standard error has been used for the error bars. *statistically significant compared to control (blue for negative, red for positive), p In figure 1, a greater level of fluorescence was seen for the samples treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil compared to that of the untreated sample. Cisplatin produced the greatest level of fluorescence of the two treated samples. Discussion The data used was a class set, some of the data provided was produced by those running the laboratory session as some samples did not contain a pellet which was needed to run the flow cytometry analysis. The five sets of data were compared with one another, it was found that the differences were statistically significant (p As mentioned in results, cisplatin showed a greater mean fluorescence compared to 5-fluorouracil, Results were 726 and 540 respectively. Seeing as fluorescence is directly proportional to phosphotidylserine expression, which in turn is a direct measure of apoptosis. It can be assumed that cisplatin produced the highest level of apoptosis and is most cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. Although a higher concentration of the drugs were used (150 µg/mL) this result has also been seen in the literature (Brenes et al. 2007). Although it was not stained with annexin V, the negative control showed a mean fluorescence of 144; this is due to auto fluorescence of the cells. The fluorophore which was conjugated with annexin V was Alexa 488. It fluoresces at a wavelength of 488nm, this is within the green part of the spectrum. It is well documented that molecules found within all cells, including hepatocytes also fluoresce at a green wavelength, the most notable of these are flavins which fluoresce at around 560nm (Croce, Anna Cleta et al. 2007, Croce, Anna C et al. 2014). FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is an example of a flavin and is a redox cofactor used in metabolism. HepG2 cells are a liver carcinoma cell line. Due to their cancerous nature there would be a high level of metabolism within these cells and hence, a high level of FAD. The low level of fluorescence seen in the untreated sample is expected as there should be no apoptosis induced by cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is not surprising that the difference between the fluorescence of the untreated sample and the negative control and the treated samples is less statistically significant. In this experiment, only one stain was used in this experiment (Annexin V), this allows for the identification of cells that are cytotoxic. To evaluate the true effectiveness of a chemotherapy drug, the cell viability and necrosis is also needed. Necrosis and late stage apoptosis can be measured using propidium iodide (PI). PI binds to nucleic acids and is impermeable to intact membranes, it is often used in combination with annexin V as it fluoresces red and there is little overlap between the wavelengths of red and green light. Therefore, compensation is not needed after flow cytometry has been carried out. It has been observed in the literature that the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil is dependent on both dose and exposure time (Okamura et al. 2008). We only looked at one dose and exposure time for both drugs. It has also been observed that the use of cisplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil or other chemotherapy drugs has a synergistic and additive effect in hepatoma cell lines (Kogure et al. 2004), both of these could be investigated further is the experiment were carried out again. Conclusion In conclusion, cisplatin was shown to produce a higher level of apoptosis in HepG2 cells than 5-fluorouracil. However, to fully evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-cancer agent, measures of viability and necrosis are also needed. The differences between the two drugs may be due to the different mechanisms by which the drugs work. The introduction of 5-dUMP into DNA and RNA is a more subtle mechanism compared to the cross-linking of DNA via cis-platin. This cross-linking may be detected by cells more readily resulting in higher levels of apoptosis. As HepG2 cells were used, these results may only be the case for hepatocellular carcinomas. References Brenes, O., Arce, F., Gà ¤tjens-Boniche, O., and Dà ­az, C. (2007) â€Å"Characterization of Cell Death Events Induced by Anti-Neoplastic Drugs Cisplatin, Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil on Human Hepatoma Cell Lines: Possible Mechanisms of Cell Resistance.† Biomedicine pharmacotherapy = Biomà ©decine pharmacothà ©rapie 61 (6), 347–55 Costantini, S., Di Bernardo, G., Cammarota, M., Castello, G., and Colonna, G. (2013) â€Å"Gene Expression Signature of Human HepG2 Cell Line.† Gene 518 (2), 335–45 Croce, A.C., Ferrigno, A., Santin, G., Piccolini, V.M., Bottiroli, G., and Vairetti, M. (2014) â€Å"Autofluorescence of Liver Tissue and Bile: Organ Functionality Monitoring during Ischemia and Reoxygenation.† Lasers in surgery and medicine 46 (5), 412–21 Croce, A.C., De Simone, U., Vairetti, M., Ferrigno, A., and Bottiroli, G. (2007) â€Å"Autofluorescence Properties of Rat Liver under Hypermetabolic Conditions.† Photochemical photobiological sciencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 6 (11), 1202–9 Dasari, S. and Bernard Tchounwou, P. (2014) â€Å"Cisplatin in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms of Action.† European journal of pharmacology 740, 364–378 Elmore, S. (2007) â€Å"Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death.† Toxicologic pathology 35 (4), 495–516 Van Genderen, H.O., Kenis, H., Hofstra, L., Narula, J., and Reutelingsperger, C.P.M. (2008) â€Å"Extracellular Annexin A5: Functions of Phosphatidylserine-Binding and Two-Dimensional Crystallization.† Biochimica et biophysica acta 1783 (6), 953–63 Golstein, P. and Kroemer, G. (2007) â€Å"Cell Death by Necrosis: Towards a Molecular Definition.† Trends in biochemical sciences 32 (1), 37–43 Hatch, E. (2014) â€Å"M19BMS Laboratory Schedule†. Coventry University Kogure, T., Ueno, Y., Iwasaki, T., and Shimosegawa, T. (2004) â€Å"The Efficacy of the Combination Therapy of 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin and Leucovorin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Predictable Factors.† Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 53 (4), 296–304 Kroemer, G., Galluzzi, L., Vandenabeele, P., Abrams, J., Alnemri, E.S., Baehrecke, E.H., Blagosklonny, M. V, El-Deiry, W.S., Golstein, P., Green, D.R., Hengartner, M., Knight, R.A., Kumar, S., Lipton, S.A., Malorni, W., Nuà ±ez, G., Peter, M.E., Tschopp, J., Yuan, J., Piacentini, M., Zhivotovsky, B., and Melino, G. (2009) â€Å"Classification of Cell Death: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009.† Cell death and differentiation 16 (1), 3–11 Macey, M.G. (2007) Flow Cytometryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: Principles and Applications. ed. by Macey, M.G. Humana Press, Inc Maxwell, P. and Hannon-Fletcher, M. (2009) â€Å"Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Cellular Pathology†. in Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Cellular Pathology. Hoboken: Wiley, 69–97 Okamura, M., Shimada, J., and Sakagami, H. (2008) â€Å"Comparative Analysis of Cell Death Induction by Cisplatin and 5-FU in Human Oral Squamous and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines†. Anticancer research 260, 253–259 Parker, J.B. and Stivers, J.T. (2011) â€Å"Dynamics of Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil in DNA.† Biochemistry 50 (5), 612–7 Rang, H., Dale, M., Ritter, M., Flower, R., and Henderson, G.. (2012) â€Å"Anticancer Drugs†. in Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology. 7th edn. Elesevier, 676–677 Ulukaya, E., Acilan, C., and Yilmaz, Y. (2011) â€Å"Apoptosis: Why and How Does It Occur in Biology?†. Cell biochemistry and function 29 (6), 468–80 Wu, Y., Tibrewal, N., and Birge, R.B. (2006) â€Å"Phosphatidylserine Recognition by Phagocytes: A View to a Kill.† Trends in cell biology 16 (4), 189–97 Appendix Table 1: Table showing mean fluorescence for each sample where 1.00 represents the negative control, 2.00 represents the positive control, 3.00 the untreated sample, 4.00 the sample treated with cisplatin, 5.00 with 5-fluorouracil N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 1.00 3 144.3333 11.93035 6.88799 114.6967 173.9700 136.00 158.00 2.00 3 1866.6667 32.65476 18.85323 1785.5477 1947.7856 1836.00 1901.00 3.00 3 214.3333 10.59874 6.11919 188.0046 240.6621 203.00 224.00 4.00 3 864.0000 20.22375 11.67619 813.7614 914.2386 849.00 887.00 5.00 3 540.6667 51.93586 29.98518 411.6508 669.6825 484.00 586.00 Total 15 726.0000 647.67772 167.22967 367.3280 1084.6720 136.00 1901.00 Table 2 Descriptive statistics where 1.00 is the negative control, 2.00 is the positive control, 3.00 is the untreated sample, 4.00 is the sample treated with cisplatin and 5.00 is the sample treated with 5-fluorouracil. N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 1.00 3 144.3333 11.93035 6.88799 114.6967 173.9700 136.00 158.00 2.00 3 1866.6667 32.65476 18.85323 1785.5477 1947.7856 1836.00 1901.00 3.00 3 214.3333 10.59874 6.11919 188.0046 240.6621 203.00 224.00 4.00 3 864.0000 20.22375 11.67619 813.7614 914.2386 849.00 887.00 5.00 3 540.6667 51.93586 29.98518 411.6508 669.6825 484.00 586.00 Total 15 726.0000 647.67772 167.22967 367.3280 1084.6720 136.00 1901.00 Table 3 ANOVA analysis carried out on the data Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 5863955.333 4 1465988.833 1655.612 .000 Within Groups 8854.667 10 885.467 Total 5872810.000 14 Table 4 Ad-hoc test Tukeys range tests and LSD showing statistical significance between groups. All differences between groups are statistically significant (p Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Fluorescence (I) Treatment (J) Treatment Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Tukey HSD 1.00 2.00 -1722.33333* 24.29632 .000 -1802.2945 -1642.3722 3.00 -70.00000 24.29632 .094 -149.9612 9.9612 4.00 -719.66667* 24.29632 .000 -799.6278 -639.7055 5.00 -396.33333* 24.29632 .000 -476.2945 -316.3722 2.00 1.00 1722.33333* 24.29632 .000 1642.3722 1802.2945 3.00 1652.33333* 24.29632 .000 1572.3722 1732.2945 4.00 1002.66667* 24.29632 .000 922.7055 1082.6278 5.00 1326.00000* 24.29632 .000 1246.0388 1405.9612 3.00 1.00 70.00000 24.29632 .094 -9.9612 149.9612 2.00 -1652.33333* 24.29632 .000 -1732.2945 -1572.3722 4.00 -649.66667* 24.29632 .000 -729.6278 -569.7055 5.00 -326.33333* 24.29632 .000 -406.2945 -246.3722 4.00 1.00 719.66667* 24.29632 .000 639.7055 799.6278 2.00 -1002.66667* 24.29632 .000 -1082.6278 -922.7055 3.00 649.66667* 24.29632 .000 569.7055 729.6278 5.00 323.33333* 24.29632 .000 243.3722 403.2945 5.00 1.00 396.33333* 24.29632 .000 316.3722 476.2945 2.00 -1326.00000* 24.29632 .000 -1405.9612 -1246.0388 3.00 326.33333* 24.29632 .000 246.3722 406.2945 4.00 -323.33333* 24.29632 .000 -403.2945 -243.3722 LSD 1.00 2.00 -1722.33333* 24.29632 .000 -1776.4689 -1668.1978 3.00 -70.00000* 24.29632 .016 -124.1356 -15.8644 4.00 -719.66667* 24.29632 .000 -773.8022 -665.5311 5.00 -396.33333* 24.29632 .000 -450.4689 -342.1978 2.00 1.00 1722.33333* 24.29632 .000 1668.1978 1776.4689 3.00 1652.33333* 24.29632 .000 1598.1978 1706.4689 4.00 1002.66667* 24.29632 .000 948.5311 1056.8022 5.00 1326.00000* 24.29632 .000 1271.8644 1380.1356 3.00 1.00 70.00000* 24.29632 .016 15.8644 124.1356 2.00 -1652.33333* 24.29632 .000 -1706.4689 -1598.1978 4.00 -649.66667* 24.29632 .000 -703.8022 -595.5311 5.00 -326.33333* 24.29632 .000 -380.4689 -272.1978 4.00 1.00 719.66667* 24.29632 .000 665.5311 773.8022 2.00 -1002.66667* 24.29632 .000 -1056.8022 -948.5311 3.00 649.66667* 24.29632 .000 595.5311 703.8022 5.00 323.33333* 24.29632 .000 269.1978 377.4689 5.00 1.00 396.33333* 24.29632 .000 342.1978 450.4689 2.00 -1326.00000* 24.29632 .000 -1380.1356 -1271.8644 3.00 326.33333* 24.29632 .000 272.1978 380.4689 4.00 -323.33333* 24.29632 .000 -377.4689 -269.1978 *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

Objections Of The Croquette And Hoop Skirt :: essays research papers

While reading selections from The Tatler and The Spectator, two subjects that I found most interesting were that of the coquette and her place in society, and also that of fashion, in particular, the hoop skirt. The Webster’s Dictionary defines a coquette as "a woman who flirts." One of the reasons why ‘she’ appears so frequently in these essays is because these men sense a danger in them. The croquette is a figure of self-sufficiency and 18th century women were not supposed to be self-sufficient. Women of the 18th century were supposed to be ‘sugar and spice and everything nice’ and, above all, dependent on men. When a croquette comes into the picture, however, the men are the ones who can’t handle themselves. The croquette is a flirtatious woman who knows very well the powers of her sex and uses them to her advantage. Just by looking and acting a certain way around men, she learns how to ‘control’ them to a certain degree. Although the men realize what she is doing, they are powerless to stop it. It is also apparent to these men that women are able to be deceitful, and that the coquette may not be the beginning or the end of th is deceitfulness. And they find this to be very dangerous to the ideas of knowing your respective places in their society. Addison and Steele seem to think that the croquette is not only a lady who tends to flirt with every man she comes into contact with, but any young lady who outwardly makes every attempt to find a suitable marriage partner. In No. 110, of The Tatler (478-482), Addison speaks of a certain young woman being accused of catching the lust of several young men and breaking their hearts. He explains how she seems very innocent when proposed with the accusation and that this is how she obtains that she is not in the wrong. The way he words this essay makes me think that he believes that it is criminal for a woman to use the "Motion of her Eyes and Turn of her Countenance"(p 479) to capture the eyes of a possible suitor. Because a woman is able to use her ‘special powers’ in such a way is deceitful and therefore may lead to other wrongful doings which, in turn, disturbs the way Addison believes the opposite sexes serve opposite sides of society.

Pre 1914 Poetry William Blake Essay

These poems ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ and Holy Thursday (innocence) are set on Ascension Day in a service in St. Paul’s church. This was a special occasion for the orphans who came from London Charity Schools. The ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ poem can be interpreted in two different ways. The impression we get at first is that the orphans are treated well and they lead happy lives but after reading ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ you start to realise that there is a negative way of understanding the same poem. This view shows the orphans to be mistreated and very unhappy. The phrase ‘their innocent faces clean’ suggests children that are being well looked after rather than being abandoned and roaming the streets of London. There is a suggestion that the children have companions, are well behaved and have a sense of order by the line ‘the children walking two by two’ This is further added to by the phrase ‘In red, blue and green’ which implies that they were dressed in bright, smart uniforms rather than rags. The children have angelic guardians to nurture and protect them, as implied by the lines ‘Grey-headed beadles walked before’ who have ‘wands’ are described ‘as white as snow’ which makes us feel that these are enchanted guardians who are pure and magical. Another phrase that adds to this is the sentence ‘Wise guardians to the poor’. There is further reference to the good work that the guardians are doing when William Blake uses the term ‘Multitudes of lambs’ implying the guardians are shepherding and guiding innocent creatures. The idea of lambs conjures up the image of animals all grouped together making sure that they are all safe. The orphans are referred to as flowers in the second paragraph, implying delicate, natural and beautiful. Flowers signify peace implying that the children are good-natured. ‘Seated in companies they sit’ like good well-behaved pupils in a school, to say their nature is calm and peaceful rather than loud and rowdy. Their god-fearing nature is implied by the words ‘raising their innocent hands’ probably referring to prayer as they are hopeful and eager. In the last paragraph William Blake is saying the children enjoy going to church, praying and singing hymns as †like a mighty wind they raise to heaven the voice of song.Overall the poem has a lively rhythm with pace to give it a beat and fluidity. Now I am going to analyse ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ poem. In the first stanza Blake describes England as a country which is ‘rich and fruitful’. This would appear to be his own experience of life in England but this statement can be interpreted in different ways. Blake could have meant that England is rich in that there is fruit and food but it is poor because of the amount of orphans. He uses ‘holy’ to infer that England is a Christian Country and asks why babies should be reduced to misery and fed and looked after by people who don’t care for them ‘Cold and usurious hand?’. In the second stanza he asks three rhetorical questions. We know ‘the trembling cry’ isn’t a song and that whatever is crying is probably alone and maybe crying out for help. ‘Can it be a song of joy?’ Perhaps it could be a song of joy for the favoured few who live in the rich and fruitful land but for the many poor children roaming the streets of London it isn’t. ‘It is a land of poverty’. In the previous poem ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he says that the children ‘raise to heaven the voice of song’. He obviously believes that songs can lift a spirit and in ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ it hurts him, that there are no songs of joy going heavenwards form children who are so pure. Normally to see how rich a country a country is you measure the amount of wealth the country but here Blake is measuring the happiness by asking if their singing which is usually a sign of happiness from children. The third stanza describes their happiness in terms of the climate. Their lives are like a place where the; ‘sun does never shine. And their fields are bleak and bare.’ In the third line he contrasts their journey through life with that of Christ’s crown of thorns. The image that this reflects is of a painful way through life. And the next line is echoed in a later work by C.S Lewis who uses the term eternal winter to mean a place, like Siberia, that is unbearably sad and where happiness does not exist. This metaphor makes us aware that there is never any joy of warmth in their lives and that emotionally they are completely bereft and emotionally starved of love. In the last paragraph he again refers to the environment and the weather to describe a situation where everything would be all right and ‘Babe cam never hunger there’. This completely fails to show the real reason why those children are poor. Rain and sunshine won’t get them out of the grinding poverty that they are in. It is simply used as a metaphor to change the children’s situation from eternal winter to dry warm summer in which they would appear to be happy. Throughout the poem there is a lack of colour and description so it is difficult to conjure up any image other than of a grey bleak landscape, where grey people and grey children exist in a society that doesn’t value them. In ‘Holy Thursday (innocence)’ he uses descriptive words such as ‘clean’, ‘two by two’, ‘red’,’ blue’, ‘green’ and ‘as white as snow’ to conjure up a picture of London that is quite different. Blake also appears to be attacking the church in other poems for its splendour and wealth but also its lack of humanity and awareness of the ‘multitudes of lambs’ which could be led to the slaughter and misery of poverty. Reading the ‘Holy Thursday (experience)’ makes you reconsider the poem ‘Holy Thursday (innocence) and its approach. In a negative this is my interpretation.In the first stanza it is implied that the thousands of orphans are being made to scrub their faces clean so much that it hurts. This cleanliness of the children is only a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade to give a good impression when the phrase ‘their innocent faces clean’ appears. This implies that the children are disciplined and regimented. This makes a good impression on the carers. This is also show ‘in red and blue and green’ because it shows that they are being made to wear a uniform. Being forced to wear uniforms means that the orphans also lose their individuality. ‘Grey-headed beadles walked before’ could show that these ‘carers’ are bad people who order the children around and make them walk ‘two and two’ like in the military. This also implies that these bad people are egotistical because they only look after themselves and they might only be looking after the children for extra money. These military officers have canes to beat the children with as it says ‘with wands as white as snow.’ This idea of the children being part of a military force is backed up by the quote ‘seated in companies they sit.’ Because the army is sectioned off into companies, they stand in a certain order and they are very obedient. ‘These flowers of London town’ implies that the children are innocent and pure but like flowers they will eventually die. Flowers are also vulnerable and easily ruined. The comparison between the groups of children and the ‘multitudes of lambs’ implies that the orphans like the lamps, group together like pure innocent creatures. The image of the lamb also stands for the idea of vulnerability and sacrifice. Like the lambs the orphans are forced to do what the carers tell them to do, and may face an early death as victims of a cruel world. ‘Thousands of little boys and girls’ suggests that there are any poor orphans who are homeless. This shows that there is a large scale of poverty. The orphans plead for help by ‘raising their innocent hands.’ ‘Like a mighty wind†¦voice of song’ implies that the wind is like a destructive hurricane ready to sweep their lives away. Ironically the ‘wise guardians of the poor’ are there to look after the orphans for the money and are not concerned about the orphans at all. The rhythm of the poem in this negative view is a like a strict military march.

Perception Of Public Health Professionals - 834 Words

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